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Oil-free: to save China's oil pump nozzle industry
The Chairman of Shandong Longkou Pump Nozzle Factory credits the Euro II system developed by No Oil for revitalizing China's pump industry. Within the Chinese machinery sector, there has long been a consensus that the engine industry has held back the automotive industry, while the pump and nozzle industry has, in turn, hindered the engine industry’s progress.
No Oil was established in 1980 as the last subordinate research institute under the former Ministry of Machinery Industry. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it became the sole oil-free research agency in the world. Its founding was rooted in the planned economy era, with the Ministry organizing a technical team in Wuxi during the late 1970s to focus on oil pump nozzles. This initiative brought together 200 experts, partly due to the presence of key industry enterprises in the region.
In the 1980s, as the state began reforming its science and technology system, funding for research institutions like No Oil was gradually reduced. By 1990, government support had dropped to just 460,000 yuan, forcing the institute to rely more on self-funding. Despite this, No Oil maintained strong ties with Weifu (the No Oil Plant), serving as a long-term R&D partner. From the beginning, the Ministry appointed Zhu Wenbin, the director of the oil-free factory, as the head of the institute. His leadership marked a crucial shift from supporting agricultural machinery to focusing on internal combustion engines, which helped establish Weifu as a leader in the domestic industry.
Throughout the years, No Oil collaborated closely with Weifu on various projects, including technology imitation, foreign technology introduction, and joint national research initiatives. Even today, some of Weifu’s top engineers have roots in No Oil, and former leaders of Weifu have transitioned into roles at the institute. In the early days, No Oil provided technical information and design drawings to Weifu free of charge, fostering a culture of shared innovation.
In the mid-1990s, as part of a broader national effort to restructure research institutes, No Oil took proactive steps to adapt. It began engaging with FAW in 1993 and officially joined the group in 1995, becoming one of the first research institutes to restructure. Though the name "Wuxi No.1 Fuel Cell Research Institute" was changed to reflect FAW’s ownership, the institute retained its original identity and continued serving the industry.
A major strategic shift occurred in 1996 when No Oil moved from being a narrow-focused research institute to a comprehensive engine research center. Previously, research was limited to pump nozzles, but now it expanded into areas such as combustion systems, intake and exhaust systems, valve trains, lubrication, supercharging, simulation, and cooling. The R&D process was divided into three levels: short-term, medium-term, and long-term, ensuring alignment with both immediate industrial needs and future technological trends.
This shift allowed No Oil to focus on cutting-edge injection technologies, improving engine performance, and maintaining global competitiveness. By aligning with market demands, the institute ensured continuous R&D activities and upheld its commitment to advancing the industry’s technological development.
From its inception, No Oil was open to external collaboration. It invited British CAV experts and Soviet nozzle researchers to exchange knowledge, helping build a foundation for innovation. During the mechanical pump era, No Oil successfully developed its own designs based on foreign models, such as the BQ pump, launched in 1986, and the BX pump, which became a popular product.
As emission standards were introduced, many domestic companies struggled to meet requirements, causing resistance from OEMs. With its deep expertise in engines and pumps, No Oil played a key role in helping companies upgrade their engines and comply with regulations. It was among the first in China to meet European I and II standards. The Chairman of Shandong Longkou Pump Nozzle Factory believes that No Oil’s Euro II system saved the Chinese pump nozzle industry.
By the late 1990s, No Oil continued to provide new products in the mechanical fuel injection field, such as the PM pump, which met European II standards and was patented in 2002. Companies like Shandong Longkou Pump Factory, ASIMCO, and Beijing Pump Factory benefited directly from No Oil’s technological advancements. Many domestic enterprises have, over time, profited from the institute’s innovations and accumulated expertise.