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Centrifugal pump maintenance and repair
Centrifugal pumps are widely used in industrial, agricultural, and daily life applications for transporting water or other liquids. These pumps are known for their high efficiency, simple structure, lightweight design, and ease of adjustment. They can be directly connected to high-speed motors, making them a popular choice in many industries.
During operation, centrifugal pumps may experience various issues. Below are common causes of failure and suggested solutions:
**1. Pump Does Not Start When Water Is Present**
1. No water in the system before starting—stop the pump and refill it.
2. The suction height is too high—ensure it does not exceed 6 meters.
3. Suction pipe leaks or has air bubbles—inspect and fix any leaks.
4. Inlet taps are clogged—clean them thoroughly.
5. Low rotational speed—check the power supply and motor performance.
**2. Pump Discharge Is Low**
1. Impeller inlet is blocked by debris or damaged—clean or replace the impeller.
2. Outlet valve is partially blocked—inspect and clean it.
3. Suction pipe joints are loose—tighten or replace gaskets.
4. Impeller wear or seal ring damage—check and replace if necessary.
5. Leakage from the pump casing—replace the gland packing.
**3. Sudden Loss of Water Flow**
1. The outlet is empty—shut down the pump immediately.
2. The outlet is clogged—turn off the pump and clean the blockage.
**4. Motor Current Is Too High**
1. The discharge gate is not fully closed at start-up—ensure it is properly opened.
2. The balance plate is misaligned or stuck—inspect internal components and repair.
3. Improper alignment of rotating parts—adjust the impeller position.
4. Belt tension is too tight—adjust belt tension accordingly.
**5. Excessive Pressure in the Water Pipe**
1. Clearance between the balance disc sleeve and water jacket is too large—check and replace parts if needed.
2. Improper installation of the rubber coupling—reinstall with proper support.
**6. Pump Vibration During Operation**
1. Misalignment between the pump and motor—check and adjust centering.
2. Water pipes are not properly secured—fix and stabilize them.
3. Bearing clearance is too large—adjust or replace bearings.
4. Shaft bending—repair or replace the shaft.
5. Impeller or balance disc is misaligned—overhaul the unit.
6. Loose anchor bolts—tighten or reinforce the foundation.
**7. Bearings Overheat**
1. Insufficient or dirty lubrication—clean and change oil.
2. Oil ring is not rotating freely—inspect and repair.
3. Bearing clearance is too small—adjust using shims or scraping.
**8. Gland Packing Heats Up**
1. Packing is too tight or not lubricated—adjust or replace it.
**9. Balance Plate Overheats**
1. Clogged water pipe or closed valve—clean the pipe or open the valve.
**10. Pump Housing Gets Hot**
1. Pump runs for too long without water or with the gate closed—stop the pump, cool it down, and restart carefully.
In addition to these mechanical issues, motor failures can also occur during operation. However, this guide focuses on the most common pump-related problems. Regular maintenance and timely troubleshooting can significantly extend the lifespan of a centrifugal pump.