The roofing of the roadway mainly occurs when the excavation work is at the heading, the roadway maintenance replacement bracket and the roadway intersection. 1. Empty top work is strictly prohibited for excavation work. Before the blasting within 10m of the heading face, it must be reinforced. The blasting collapsed and collapsed bracket must be repaired before entering the working surface. Pre-exploration support or other measures must be used in soft coal or silty strata and geological fracture zones. In hard and stable coal and rock formations, safety measures must be established when it is determined that the roadway is not supported. 2. There should be a strong struts or tie rods between the brackets. 3. Before excavating the goaf, it is necessary to formulate safety measures for detecting the goaf, including the thickness of the coal (rock) column and the proven water, fire, gas, etc. that must be reserved when approaching the goaf. Roadway maintenance and roof treatment method When the surrounding rock pressure increases, there may be phenomena such as deformation of the roadway, reduction of the section, damage of the bracket or leakage of coal (rock) block, and even roof collapse. When these conditions occur, they must be processed in a timely manner. If the measures are improper in the treatment method, the treatment time may be delayed, the small deformation becomes a large deformation, the small roof becomes a large roof, the difficulty of maintenance and treatment is increased, and more serious is a personal injury or death. General principles for roadway maintenance and roof disposal (1) First and then First check the complete condition of the 5m range before and after the site, and deal with the problem first. Temporary reinforcement measures may be taken when necessary, such as encrypting brackets, adding rafts, tightening the front and rear brackets, adding lifting panels, and inserting tightly backs to increase the support capacity and stability of the rear and peripheral brackets. Make sure the back road is unblocked. For a section of roadway maintenance and roof treatment, it is also necessary to first deal with the outside (the one near the safety exit), gradually process it forward, and then process the inside until the section is fully processed. It is forbidden to handle the two ends with only one safety exit in the roadway. This will prevent the roof from being damaged again due to maintenance and roofing. (2) First and then dismantle When replacing the roadway support, before the original support is removed, the adjacent support should be reinforced first. After the original support is removed, the top sill and the permanent support must be removed in time. If necessary, temporary support should be taken. Measures. For replacement column legs, should first inner single hydraulic strut or struts lay metal friction at the top beam column, and then remove the old column leg. (3) First up and down Tilting the roadway maintenance bracket and handling the roof should be carried out from top to bottom. In particular, when the angle of inclination is above 15°, there must be safety measures to prevent the meteorites, the material from falling off and the brackets falling over. (4) First and then far When there are several sections in a roadway that need to be repaired and handle the roof, the section closer to the safety exit should be treated first, and then the farther section should be processed forward until all the sections in the roadway are repaired or treated. through. This will prevent the section that is closer to the safety exit from re-igniting and block the inside of the section. (5) First and then help In order to ensure the personal safety of the operators, it is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance in the handling and other procedures, support the roof, and then maintain the two gangs. For example, the side gang of the roadway needs to be treated. At this time, it must be placed on the side of the top beam. Set up the column to stabilize the top plate, and then erect the support space. Roadway roof treatment There are many ways to handle the roof. 1. Direct stent method In the roadway, the surrounding rock has been stabilized, and there are not many caving stones. When the roof area is about 2 to 3, the direct bracket method can be used, that is, the meteorite that is in the way can be removed first, and the nests are pulled out in the two groups. The column legs, followed by the erection of the top beam, and the back is good, and finally the bottom coal shovel is cleaned. Follow the above procedure in sequence, until the processing is completed. 2, the wedge method When the roadway is broken and broken, it can be handled by the wedge method. In the top of the roof, use the wedge to penetrate into the depths of the smashing smash. Under the protection of the wedge, clean the falling coal shovel and re-erect the bracket. The material of the wedge can be selected from rails or small logs. 3, anchor spray method The anchor spray method is suitable for rock roads with a large range of roofs and anchorage support equipment. Firstly, the top plate and the two sets of live rafts in the roof area are treated. The personnel stand on the safety side and spray a layer of concrete sealing top plate with a thickness of 30mm~50mm to the top of the roof area, and then seal the two gangs. 4, Muxi method If the roadway has a higher roof height and a higher landing height, and the roof above the caving cavity is basically stable, the raft method can be used. First, the shovel in the lower part of the caving hole is topped with a raft, and then the shovel is cleaned under the protection of the raft and the bracket is re-bracketed. Adding a raft in a hollow space is a dangerous job, and you must pay great attention to safety when operating. Before the operation, stand at the place where the bracket is covered, use the long handle tool to knock the top of the question, and set a special person to observe the change of the top plate. According to the size and position of the support section when handling the roof According to the size and position of the support section when handling the roof, it can be divided into the following three types: 1, full face processing Full-section treatment, that is, the newly-arranged bracket is basically the same as the original bracket when handling the roof, which is also called the treatment method of the lane. Its advantage is that it avoids loosening the broken top plate multiple times, and the disadvantage is that the progress is slow. It is suitable for roadways with a small ceiling. 2, small section processing Small section treatment, that is, the temporary bracket is set up much smaller than the original roadway bracket specification, and then expanded into a permanent bracket, also called the secondary lane. It has the advantage of being quick to handle the topping; the disadvantage is that secondary support is required. It is suitable for the rescue of blocked personnel and the rush to restore the roadway for transport, pedestrians and ventilation. 3, bypass roadway When the roadway's falling range and the falling height are both large and the roofing treatment conditions are extremely difficult, a separate bypass can be used to avoid the method of re-entering the roadway in the roof area. 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Prevention and control of roadway roof disaster and treatment of roof fall
Safe operation of roadway driving and support