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The huge paper demand in China provides a broad space for the development of papermaking machinery. At the end of the “Tenth Five-Year Plan†in China, the output of paper and paperboard will reach 38 to 40 million tons, and the new output will reach 800 to 10 million tons. According to the current production capacity of China's paper-making machinery industry, it can only meet less than 1 /3 Domestic market demand. In 1995, the scale of paper-making companies was only 100,000 tons and only 16; by 2000, it had increased to 44. However, the development of paper-making machinery companies was slow, and it was difficult to meet the needs of the domestic paper-making industry.
The domestic paper industry is unbalanced in development. The domestic paper mills mainly choose the papermaking machinery based on price, technology, reliability and after-sales service. Enterprises with relatively abundant funds, such as wholly foreign-owned enterprises, joint ventures, or enterprises that enjoy national discount loans, have higher requirements for papermaking machinery and paper products. Therefore, such enterprises often choose to import all or part of key equipment. For this part of customers, the current domestic paper machine factory is still difficult to meet its requirements, only in the bulk of products (such as cardboard, etc.) have some localized equipment.
But this part of the enterprises is only a minority, and the real majority is private enterprises or joint-stock companies that have developed after the reform and opening up. Although some of them have a certain amount of financial strength, they do not feel comfortable with the prices of imported equipment and excessive investment, and they have a higher demand for product quality. Therefore, they are the direct promotion of the development of domestic papermaking machinery. By. Others are still producing at a low level. Although they also want to make technical innovations, restrictions on capital, management, and technology make them unremarkable and have great potential for development.
The domestic papermaking machinery industry has made great progress, especially in the last 10 years. Some other industries such as aviation and shipbuilding have participated in the production of papermaking machinery. The level of product technology, new product development, and the scale of stand-alone machines have also been greatly improved. . There have been many private joint-stock companies, some of which have high enthusiasm for improving product technology and developing new products. However, there is no major change in the basic situation of this industry. The main manifestations are product convergence and lack of features; excessive competition, low profit margins; unstable product performance and low technical standards.
These characteristics indicate that China's papermaking machinery industry is still in the stage of primary development. On the one hand, relatively low-end products are relatively surplus and profits are decreasing. On the other hand, the demand for high-end products is incompetent. The main reasons for the problems are the following:
1. Lack of investment. The development of the paper industry has attracted a lot of funds, such as foreign investment, national discount loans, and private capital. However, the foreign investment in papermaking machinery industry is very low, and private capital investment is less.
2. Product convergence, lack of features. The low technological content of the products produced leads to price competition, lower profits, and lack of stamina in the development of enterprises.
3. Domestic papermaking enterprises do not generally agree with domestic equipment, rely on imported equipment, and make it difficult for domestic papermaking machinery manufacturers to expand their sales.
4. People are uneven. The ability to independently develop products and innovations and even absorb and absorb similar foreign products is weak.
5. So far, the progress made in papermaking machinery technology has been almost exclusively imitation of foreign products, and there are few products with independent intellectual property rights.
Development Trends in Major Technical Equipment Fields
1. Continuous cooking system
With the continuous expansion of the domestic pulp production line and continuous improvement of pulp quality requirements, continuous cooking systems have been widely adopted. After the self-developed and imported technologies were digested and absorbed to meet the requirements of grass-based continuous steaming system equipment and automatic control, with great development and growing maturity, all localization has been realized, and the single-line production scale has reached 50,000 tons/year. , and to large-scale, automated development.
The domestic continuous steaming system uses horizontal tubes, and a small number of diagonal cross tubes are used. In recent years, more CTMP and APMP production lines have been introduced. At present, domestically produced equipment is still blank, mainly due to the development of key equipment such as high-compression ratio feeders (or extruders) and large-capacity disc grinders under pressure and pressure.
2. Washing, selection, and bleaching systems
At present, the ideal black liquor extraction (washing) equipment is a drum vacuum washer. Through digestion and absorption, the domestic new-type drum vacuum pulp washer adopts plane distribution valves and corrugated filter plate structures, and has reached the international advanced level. The maximum specification is 100m2.
There are many types of domestic pressure screens, and the maximum size is 3m2. The latest type of screen drums in the world has also been put into production. However, at present, domestic pressure screens cannot be compared with imported equipment in terms of processing accuracy and service life.
The domestic bleaching system is still dominated by conventional three-stage bleaching (CEH), and it is developing in the direction of chlorine-free bleaching or substantially chlorine-free bleaching. Most of the imported bleaching systems use oxygen bleaching, chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide bleaching combinations, while bleaching concentrations are mostly concentrated in medium and high concentrations.
Due to the fact that the domestic medium and thick mixers, medium thick stock pumps, and chlorine dioxide production equipment cannot meet production requirements in terms of scale and effect, they are currently basically imported. The domestically produced high-concentration hydrogen peroxide bleaching system is currently in machine pulp, pulp, and chemical industry. Mechanical and waste pulp applications. Has been put into production with a maximum output of 50t/d, and has the ability to provide lOOt/d complete sets of equipment.
3. Waste paper processing system
Due to the rapid expansion of the proportion of waste pulp used in China in recent years, domestic waste paper processing equipment has developed rapidly. Domestic-made linerboard (AOCC or OCC) processing lines (including thermal dispersion systems) have reached 150-200t/d, and can meet the requirements for the production of Class A paper. The output of waste paper deinking line has reached lOOt/d.
The domestic office waste paper processing production line has just started, and there is a certain gap between the processing effect and scale and the imported equipment. At present, the domestic waste paper processing system, through the combination of digestion and absorption and self-development, is developing toward the 400t/dAOCC or OCC production line, the 250t/d waste paper deinking line and the 150~200t/d imported office waste paper production line.
4. Paper machine and coating equipment
Domestic paper machines currently basically meet the needs of most domestic paper mills. They can produce 150,000 tons/year of boxboard machines, 100,000 tons/year of coated white board machines, and can also produce 50,000 tons/year of cultural paper. machine. From the perspective of width, China has the ability to produce 5.5m paper machines; from the perspective of speed, up to about 700m/min; from the perspective of technical performance, domestic paper machine energy consumption is higher, the quality of paper produced by the index There is a gap with foreign standards, performance is not stable enough, technology maturity is not high, and the debugging period is too long. It is evident that domestic paper machines have the characteristics of imitating foreign products, lacking mature theory and practice guidance, and insufficient technical performance.
These problems will be even more prominent in the country when the speed and width requirements of the paper machine are further increased. This should be one of the issues that must be addressed in the next step in the development of domestic paper machines.
Domestic paper machines, like pulping equipment, will continue to develop into high-end and large-scale products under the continuous improvement of paper demand, promising market prospects for paper, investment diversification, national policy support and environmental protection requirements. Users' requirements for the development of domestic paper machines. For example, when the vehicle speed is 600m/min or more, the development of hydraulic headbox is not to be delayed. The key part is the theory and experiment of the turbulence generator and production and processing. If possible, the development and adjustment of the dilution water regulation unit can be strengthened. Software development. The development of shapers and screen-forming technologies must also be the focus of the next step. Whoever can master the technology first will get the initiative in the market.
The tendency of the press section should be to reduce the number of press lanes as much as possible, to reduce the number of paper feed locations, and to improve the running performance. Therefore, the shoe press roll should be a key point. Another key is the development of press felts or conveyor belts. The problems facing the drying department may be less, and the focus should be on the optimization of the threading system and various types of blow boxes and paper stabilizers. Cordless threading is a promising method of threading.
The focus of the coating machine has two directions: For the external coating, the high-speed automatic paper withdrawal device and the automatic control of the coating amount are very important for improving the running performance of the coating machine and high speed operation. According to the development trend of paper machine speed, the speed of the coating machine will develop in the direction of more than 600m/min. Therefore, its key technologies have great market prospects.
For coating inside the machine, the most marketable is the film sizing coater. Moreover, the development is relatively fast and the market demand is better. It can be used with the complete machine, and it can also be used for the transformation of old machines. Coating on the board machine will also have a good market prospect if the problem of high-speed threading and the running performance are solved.
In terms of auxiliary machinery, the most promising ones should be high-speed synchronous cutters, high-speed wide rewinders and soft calenders, and roll-web automatic packaging lines for large-scale paper machines.
Development Strategy
1. System and funding issues
The development of domestic papermaking machinery lacks funds first, and the lack of funds has a lot to do with the operating system of the company. At present, in the domestic papermaking machinery market, most active and fast-growing companies are almost all private enterprises or joint-stock companies. State-owned or collective enterprises should speed up the reform of the joint-stock system, clarify property rights as far as possible, and allow all companies to have equal and fair competition in the market. Enterprises that truly excel in management, technology, marketing and service will emerge as quickly as possible and complete the accumulation of capital as soon as possible so as to lay a solid foundation for further development.
The establishment of a standardized market will enable the development of well-run businesses. The elimination of companies with poor management is an urgent task for the industry and administrative departments. It is necessary to study and formulate relevant market game rules and gradually form a market management system based on technical standards, regulations and other technologies and economic barriers.
The property rights of the company are clear, the rules of the market game are established, and the development of the company can be turned into a virtuous circle. At this time, the financial problems in the development of domestic papermaking machinery can be truly implemented, and they will have a planned long-term investment. The development of paper-making machinery cannot rely on national investment and loans for a long period of time. This can only be a temporary solution to the problem. Reliance on the company’s own strength to gradually invest is one aspect, but it may be slow. If domestic equipment can attract development funds in terms of market prospects, operating mechanisms, and regulatory standards, private funds or foreign capital should all be used.
2. Technology, talent issues
The technical and managerial talents required by the domestic papermaking machinery industry play a significant role in the development of the industry, especially in the scale of the enterprise. After the product is upgraded, the requirements for technical and managerial talents will be even higher.
At present, the current situation in China is that many company technicians are not fully equipped and have a low level. They are unable to perform the development and service of high-tech products and optimize the product structure and performance. Many of the company's technical staff have grown up in the past when they were doing low-end products. After the performance and speed of the products have been improved, much of the previous knowledge and experience needs to be updated and accumulated.
The talent training of enterprises mainly depends on themselves, because the papermaking machinery technology needs profound relevant theories and skills, has strong professionalism and craftsmanship, and also needs to continuously accumulate experience. This also requires the technicians to have a higher level first, and secondly, to constantly explore and summarize in practice.
3. Expand the international market
The expansion of the international market is in two aspects: the first is to seek cooperation with international large companies and to support some of them; the second is to open up markets in developing countries and complete exports. By cooperating with large companies, we can accumulate many management and manufacturing experience, gain some useful knowledge and information, and make full use of foreign management, capital, and technology advantages. At the same time, there may also be some capital accumulation that lays the foundation for further development. The development of developing markets is due to the fact that China's papermaking machinery has advantages in scale, price, and technology, and is more suitable for the needs of the market. It can seek greater market space for domestic papermaking machinery and can further complete the accumulation of capital.
4. Seek accurate market positioning and strengthen cooperation in division of labor
At present, most paper-making machinery companies in China have large and all-or-nothing drawbacks, resulting in similar products, excessive price competition, uneven quality and performance, and unstable production costs. At present, the papermaking industry is in a period of development in both the upper grade and the upper scale. This is also a good opportunity for the paper-making machinery industry to adjust the industrial division of labor and even reorganize assets and re-find the market position. Because it is not a small number of companies, it can be said that most companies cannot meet the requirements of the paper manufacturers in terms of technology, quality, accuracy, commissioning, and even the processing cycle at present.
Enterprises should actively adjust their structure and seek cooperation with companies with good market reputation and strong technical and managerial strengths to complement each other's strengths so that large companies can concentrate their human and material resources on market development and technological development. Supporting companies will make parts and components well and do a good job. .
The current situation and development trend of papermaking machinery industry in China
Papermaking machinery usually includes special equipment such as pulping, papermaking, and completion, as well as general-purpose equipment such as electric transmission, automation, computer control, and environmental protection. The papermaking machinery industry is a very professional industry. At the same time, the papermaking machinery involves a wide range of technical fields, such as machinery, chemicals, materials, anticorrosion, pressure vessels, and automatic control.