1. Natural copper-bearing minerals include copper sulfide minerals and copper oxide minerals. (A) copper sulfide minerals chalcopyrite: CuFeS2 chalcocite: Cu2S bornite: Cu5FeS4 covellite: CuS tetrahedrite: 4Cu2S · Sb2S3 tennantite: 4Cu2S · AsS3 (II) oxide copper minerals cuprite :Cu2O Black copper ore: CuO azurite: 2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2 Malachite: CuCO3·Cu(OH)2 Brassite: CuSi03·2H2O Chloride: CuCl2·3Cu(OH)2 Cholesterol: CuSO4 · The floatability of 5H2O copper oxide ore is generally less than that of copper sulfide ore, and is greatly affected by the presence of copper in the mineral and the composition of the gangue. For example, copper is carbonate. When the morphology (malachite, azurite) exists, the floatability is relatively good, and it exists in the form of silicate (silicon malachite). The floatability is poor, and the free copper oxide is easy to float, combined with copper oxide. It cannot be recovered by a single flotation method. Where the state into separate copper oxide present was called free copper oxide, copper oxide can all free cyanide was dissolved in a solution, when copper and gangue (e.g., ferric hydroxide) cemented together in the presence of some form The copper oxide mineral is called copper oxide combined. The type of cementation is various. It can be mechanically formed into an inclusion of extremely finely dispersed copper minerals in the gangue, or it can be chemically similar. It can also be an adsorbed color dye, and all of the combined copper oxide cannot be dissolved in the cyanide solution. The percentage of bound copper in copper oxide is called the binding rate. The gangue minerals are mainly siliceous (such as quartz ), which are easier to float, and carbonates (such as calcite , dolomite, etc.) are more difficult, if they contain more iron hydroxide and clay . Separation is more difficult when the slime is mixed, especially when they are tightly combined. Second, the flotation of oxidized minerals mostly uses vulcanization Since the oxidized ore after vulcanization achieves a high flotation speed, the first coarsely selected head 1-2 tank directly produces the concentrate product. The way of adding the chemical has special significance for the flotation of copper oxide ore, especially sodium sulfide, which is both an activator of copper oxide ore and an inhibitor of copper sulfide ore. Therefore, it is not suitable to add enough when adding. It is a batch and multi-stage addition method. Therefore, the first operation (rough selection I) in the flotation process is 70-80% of the total amount, ensuring that the concentration of sodium sulfide is sufficient. When vulcanized with sodium sulfide, lime is used as a pH adjuster, pH 8.5 to 9.5, and sodium sulfide is used to obtain a desired effect. While using sodium sulfide, an appropriate amount of ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfide were added in a ratio of 1:1. It can improve the recovery rate of copper oxide ore. The reason is that the decrease of pH value after adding ammonium sulfate is beneficial to the increase of HS-concentration, and the vulcanization reaction is accelerated, which is beneficial to the flotation of copper oxide ore. However, when sulfurized or oxidized mixed ore is used, when the amount of ammonium sulfate is too large, the sulfide mineral is inhibited. Therefore, the amount of addition is strictly controlled. Hydroxamate was added and mixed butyl xanthate, malachite silicon, copper mineral composition difficult limonite has a strong ability collector, hydroxybutyrate oxime PH10 ~ 11 when there is a good catch of sulfide ores The effect is taken, but when the pH is lower than 8, it is unfavorable for the selection of sulfide ore. Third, the flotation example of copper oxide ore The Yimen Copper Mine Flotation Plant mainly contains copper minerals: malachite, chalcopyrite and porphyrite, followed by azurite, alumite and a small amount of chalcopyrite, chrysocolla and Tonglan. The gangue minerals are mainly dolomite and carbonized dolomite, followed by quartz and a small amount of pyrite, mirror iron ore and limonite. The ore contains 0.65-0.75% copper, 30% oxidation rate and 6% binding rate. Production process (see Figure 1): Pharmacy 1, lime 1460g / t (pH 8.5 ~ 9.5), added to the first section of the ball mill . 2, sodium sulfide 563g / t, adding a section I graded overflow II section mill discharge, rough selection I 8th trough, selected I, selected II, sweeping and so on. 3. Dinghuang medicine 141g/t, in the stirred tank before rough selection I, in the stirred tank before rough selection II, select I, sweep and so on. 4, 2# oil 59g / t, add the rough selection I before the stirring tank, rough selection II stirring tank. Raw ore grade 0.686% Bonding rate 5.8% Oxidation rate 29.6% Concentrate grade 17.01% Recovery rate 88.15% Tailings grade 0.084% Process flow (pulp flow chart) Flyknit Machine,Shoe Knitting Machine,Vamp Knitting Machine,3D Flat Knitting Machine Zhejiang Fengfan NC Machinery Co., Ltd. , https://www.ffknittingmachine.com