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China's selection of smelting tungsten mineral raw materials is different from foreign countries. The long-term development of tungsten ore, mainly scheelite , accounts for 60% of the total production capacity. In China, although scheelite has proven reserves of 3.76 million t, accounting for 71% of total reserves of tungsten ore, but due to some large, very large multi-metal deposit of tungsten ore material composition complex, disseminated fine grain size, dressing and smelting technology It has not been completely solved, so the current mining is still dominated by quartz vein type black tungsten ore, accounting for 90% of the country's mined ore.
2. The nature of tungsten is a lithophile element, mainly in the form of tungstate in pegmatite and hydrothermal deposits; there are about 15 known tungsten ore, of which there are mainly black tungsten ore and scheelite.
(1) wolframite (Fe, Mn) WO 4, also known as wolfram iron ore, containing about 76% of WO 3, brownish black to black, which was semi-metallic luster, a specific gravity of 7.1 - 7.9; monoclinic genus The crystal is often thick plate-like, and there are often vertical stripes on the crystal face. Black tungsten ore is often symbiotic with quartz veins.
(2) scheelite CaWO 4 , also known as calcium tungstate ore, containing about 80% of WO 3 , often grayish white, sometimes slightly light yellow, light purple, light brown, etc., showing diamond luster or grease luster, specific gravity is 5.9 ～6.1; is a tetragonal system, the crystal form is often biconical, and the aggregates are mostly irregular or dense. Scheelite often symbiotic with molybdenite, galena and sphalerite.
Known tungsten-bearing ores are mainly quartz-tungsten ore, skarn-sewage ore and sand ore.
3. Use Tungsten concentrate is the main raw material for the production of ferro-tungsten and APT (ammonium paratungstate).
4. The production of tungsten sand is produced from the rock mass. After coarse crushing, screening and hand selection, it is usually selected by magnetic separation, flotation and gravity, static electricity, chemical beneficiation, etc. A finished tungsten concentrate containing more than 65% WO 3 is obtained.
Black tungsten concentrate
1. Overview Tungsten is a rare element with a content of only 0.007% in the earth's crust. China's tungsten reserves account for about 55% of the world's total reserves, ranking first. There are output in North China, Northwest China and Southwest China, especially in the west from Guangxi, through Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangxi, and the Nanling Mountains in Fujian to the east. Among them, the southwestern part of the river is the most concentrated, with hundreds of large and small mines. Dajishan, Xihuashan, Qimeishan and Pangushan are all famous tungsten mines in the world.